ACCELERATING CIRCULARITY:
OPPORTUNITIES AND BOTTLENECKS

AN APEX CATALYTIC CRUCIBLE R&D PROJECT
Click here for a fun, interactive network diagram of Trellis 26 Speakers Trellis 26 Network Diagram

Dozens of sustainability leaders gathered in a dynamic session at the Trellis Impact 26 Conference in June 2026 alongside discussion leaders from Amazon, Apex Catalytic, Archipelago Ventures, and Closed Loop Partners. During the session, attendees responded to a range of prompts and collaborated in teams to articulate and address bottlenecks that they perceive are preventing the deployment of circular economy solutions at scale. Apex Catalytic deployed a range of engagement activities, and this website presents key findings and recommendations.

If you were in the room at Trellis Impact 26, these are your data. The data and insights here trace back to what you and the rest of the room wrote down that day. We think that this site can be a useful artifact to orient your responses against others, see some of the challenges through different lenses, and most importantly, provide inspiration to you and catalyze your next steps toward more circular outcomes.

If you weren't with us at Trellis Impact, welcome. If you're working on a circular economy-related initiative, whether as a startup leader, corporate sustainability leader, impact investor, or something else, this site was also built to be highly accessible and useful.

To start, click on one of the buttons below to customize the view of the results from our polling and activities during the Trellis Impact circularity session.

For example, if you're a corporate sustainability leader, click on that button. The analysis results will be prioritized according to what's most useful to you. Same goes if you click on the Startup or Investor buttons.

■ HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS SITE

Now that you've selected how you want to view results, six major categorical insights are shown below. Click each one to navigate to that section and view the results and insights. You can then click the easy navigation buttons that appear near the top of the page to navigate to other results you're interested in. Enjoy, and if you have any questions, click on the button at the top of the page to reach out to Jon Powell, Apex Catalytic's CEO.

TECH ADOPTION BOTTLENECKS

CAPITAL AND ATTENTION ARE BLOCKING PROGRESS

Asked to name the single biggest bottleneck to circularity at their organization, 42% of respondents named an economic one: imperative to achieve cost parity, creating or getting buy-in for a business case, establishing a credible ROI, aligning available budget in a competitive environment, or access to capital. The next-largest theme, at 26%, was internal: leadership buy-in, competing priorities, and bandwidth.

Technical or material capability was named by one respondent in fifty, which suggests that an innovation and tech pipeline is not perceived as the key limiter.

FIGURE. 1 SELF-REPORTED BOTTLENECKS
Where circularity efforts are stalling
Share of the respondents whose stated bottleneck touched each theme. Note: responses were coded to each relevant theme, so bars may not sum to exactly 100%.
Source: Apex Catalytic research and analysis, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. n = variable respondents (max 50); 63 theme codes assigned.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

Better alignment with economic realities, not your tech differentiators, may be advisable. Structural and budgetary issues were the main blockers cited by respondents. Setting potential outcomes against easy-to-understand relative metrics like cost competitive with disposal, virgin material or blends, common alternatives, or even a 'do nothing' case should help you cut through the noise.

IF YOU'RE LEADING A CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY TEAM

You are not alone in getting circularity-focused initiatives to scale. About 42% of respondents, at organizations of varying sizes and 'sustainability maturity', cited similar bottlenecks. Those suggesting accelerated progress tended to highlight the successful navigation of basic economic questions, while those focusing more on only environmental outcomes tended to lag.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

Adoption of new tech by corporate buyers is limited by flat budgets, missing business cases, and a lack of a clear pathway to evaluate a startup's tech against real business problems. Portfolio company revenue expectations must be grounded to build in corporate finance function timelines, as the bottlenecks are systemic and are not expected to change overnight. Startup diligence processes should explicitly consider the corporate buyer's budget line and adoption readiness, including and beyond piloting.

HEALTHCARE & LIFE SCIENCES Recycling hard-to-recycle materials from campus operations ran up to 5x+ the cost of landfilling them. Operational budgets are flat year over year, and because the organization holds a waste-reduction goal rather than a diversion goal, the extra spend advances nothing it is measured on.
INDUSTRY & MANUFACTURING Multiple years trying to advance the capacity of advanced recycling tech at scale, but still confounded by capital and unit economics, including when comparing the cost profile of advanced recycled materials versus virgin materials.
HEALTHCARE & LIFE SCIENCES The constraint is the business model, not the technology: the program has to pay for itself at minimum, and ideally open new revenue, before it can be proposed.
EDUCATION & NONPROFIT Bringing regenerative and bio-based solutions to market against petrochemical plastics that are extraordinarily cheap — the result of subsidies, facility tax breaks, favorable policy and decades of built infrastructure.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS Cross-brand takeback schemes are often operationally prohibitive for some of the retailers carrying their products, which creates a disincentive for partnering that can scale certain solutions.
SPENDING PRIORITIES

BUDGETS AREN'T ADDRESSING KEY PAIN POINTS

Respondents were asked to choose up to three areas where they expect to spend budget in the coming months. Compliance and materials substitution took the top two slots.

Not one of the eight spending categories addresses the business case or internal alignment — the two things 42% and 26% of the same people had just named as their blockers. Material traceability, meanwhile, finishes second from last on budget while being the single most-requested missing capability in the group exercise.

FIGURE 2. WHERE IS THE BUDGET REPORTEDLY GOING?
Funded priorities
Share of the 50 respondents selecting each area. Respondents made up to 3 selections, so the bars may not sum to 100%.
Source: Apex Catalytic audience poll, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. n = 50 respondents; 114 selections.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

There is budget, and it has names. If your product can be bought out of an EPR compliance line or a materials substitution line, align your pitch materials to use those words. Selling into a line that does not exist means asking a sustainability lead to figure one out or create one, which will slow or prevent adoption of your solution.

IF YOU'RE A CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY LEADER

Your peers are funding compliance and material substitution while naming business case as the blocker preventing circular outcomes and progress. Consider examining whether this gap exists at your company, and if nothing is funded against your blocker(s), then spending is likely being allocated in a reactive way, which is an area of improvement to consider.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

The group's feedback yielded interesting co-selections that may identify new areas/startups to focus on, or represent areas to double down on. Reverse logistics pairs with measurement in 8 responses; EPR pairs with measurement in 6; alternative materials pairs with design in 6. Those are the bundles buyers already think in, so startups addressing the full bundle (rather than leaving it to the customer to fill the gap) should be prioritized.

STRONGEST PAIRS Reverse logistics + measurement and reporting (8 respondents). EPR compliance + measurement and reporting (6). Alternative materials + designing for circularity (6). AI and data tooling + EPR compliance (5).
WHAT THE PAIRS IMPLY Takeback programs are being considered alongside the unique and credible reporting needed to prove they worked, and compliance is being budgeted alongside that same reporting. Measurement functions as connective tissue rather than a standalone purchase, which is consistent with 'measurement' ranking mid-table on its own.
TECHNOLOGY INTAKE AND ASSESSMENT

A THIRD OF RESPONDENTS REPORTED THEY HAVE NO STRUCTURED WAY TO EVALUATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Asked how they would connect to, vet and evaluate a new technology, 33 of 50 described at least something resembling a process.

One respondent stated it plainly: there is no standard process, because it varies too much across product lines. For a market that depends on corporate buyers adopting new technology, a third of them cannot describe how that would happen, which is a compelling finding that should be addressed.

FIGURE 3. HOW DID RESPONDENTS DESCRIBE THEIR COMPANY'S TECH PROVIDER EVALUATION PROCESS?
What respondents said
A single classification was applied to each response.
Source: Apex Catalytic audience engagement poll and analysis, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. n = 50 respondents.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

When a prospect goes quiet, the default assumption is that they said no. A third of respondents here could not describe how a 'yes' would even be constructed. Ask early and directly who signs, what evidence they need, and what the last new vendor went through — and treat a vague answer as a real finding about that account rather than a brush-off. Create useful go-to-market motions that are repeatable, executable, and can be flexible to idiosyncrasies that exist between corporate buyers.

IF YOU'RE A CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY LEADER

Writing down a one-page intake path for new tech: who screens, on what criteria, what a pilot has to demonstrate, etc. puts you ahead and shortens every vendor conversation you will have.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

Sales-cycle assumptions in circularity decks are usually modelled on a buyer with a procurement function. Much of this market does not have one for novel technology, particularly for sustainability-related applications. When a portfolio company reports a long pilot-to-contract lag, the constraint may be that no path from pilot to contract exists at that customer (yet).

HOW COMPANIES ARE BUYING AND USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES

IF A PROCESS EXISTS, IT'S AD HOC AND INCLUDES A COMPANY INTRODUCTION AND A LIMITED PILOT

Among the 33 who described something substantive, the shape is consistent and it is not procurement. Technology arrives through a personal or advisory connection, gets screened on cost before anything else, and has to survive a small pilot with defined success criteria before anyone discusses scale.

Formal RFI or RFP appeared in two responses out of fifty. Building a go-to-market motion around tender processes means competing for a door almost nobody in the room at Trellis Impact uses.

FIGURE 4. HOW ARE COMPANIES ADOPTING NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE CIRCULARITY PROGRAMS?
Four stages, and what gates each one
Reconstructed from the 33 substantive responses.

Almost nobody goes looking. Technology arrives through mutual colleagues, through the consultants, designers and architects already engaged on a project, or through partner conversations already underway. Two respondents described actively scanning — one uses product-discovery sites, another asks an AI tool to summarize a technology and its competitors to decide where to start.

■ WHAT THIS MEANS

The consultants in the room are a distribution channel, not an audience.

Cost is the first gate in roughly ten of the 33 responses, and was often the only gate named. Technology readiness, scalability, and whether an end market exists for the output follow. Several respondents screen on fit before merit: whether the solution suits the existing supply chain, the business model it would sit inside, and the geographies they operate in.

■ ADDITIONAL, INFORMAL GATE REVIEW ITEMS

Multiple respondents cited screening startup teams for both personality and company culture fit, which included things like how well the startup understands the company's industry and what drives their business, the extent the startup is transparent about what they know and what their tech can do now and into the future, and evidence of execution success.

Small, contained, and explicitly a test: a sandbox before a pilot run, a physical demo then one facility, a proof of concept scoped after an NDA and a candid conversation about fit. One respondent described the whole sequence as due diligence and economic analysis, then a small-scale pilot with success criteria, then reinvestment if it works.

■ A PERCEPTION AROUND ASYMMETRY

One respondent noted the importance of larger companies piloting solutions in ways that de-risk medium- and smaller-sized firms to adopt the technology. There were open questions about risk and burden shifting and the extent to which eventual beneficiaries of a technology can find ways to meaningfully participate earlier in piloting while shouldering an appropriate degree of financial and operational risk.

Thinly described, which is itself the finding. Where it appears it means due diligence widening across business units, or reinvestment triggered by pilot success. Two respondents mentioned having formal RFI and RFP processes.

■ AN EXAMPLE "DEALBREAKER"

Multiple respondents highlighted that a common stopper when engaging new technology providers is the complexity of the implemented solution, citing that heavy lifts needed to notify and align multiple internal teams are particularly challenging, especially in cases where the sustainability team has limited headcount. Put bluntly, if the solution is convoluted or otherwise overly complex, and cost information is not transparently provided early in the process, these conditions will severely limit the potential for the technology solution provider to win the business.

Source: Apex Catalytic audience poll and analysis, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. n = 33 substantive responses of 50.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

Arrive through the consultants and designers already inside the account. Lead the second conversation with cost. Bring a pilot that is already scoped, already priced, and already has its success criteria written — and never open with an offer to build something bespoke, which reads to a stretched buyer as a project they have to manage rather than a product they can buy.

IF YOU'RE A CORPORATE CUSTAINABILITY LEADER

Your peers screen on cost, fit and the credibility of the team, then run a small pilot with written success criteria and reinvest on evidence. If your own process is less defined than that, this is a usable template — and the stage most of them under-specify is what happens after a pilot succeeds.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

Two of the gates are non-technical and rarely diligenced: whether the team is credible and workable, and whether the offer is ready-made rather than bespoke. A company whose default motion is custom implementation is structurally slower here, regardless of how good the technology is.

THE AI CHALLENGE

COMPANY BUDGETS AND INVESTOR ATTENTION WEIGHS TOO HEAVILY ON AI, LIMITING THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF CIRCULARITY-SUPPORTING TECH

AI and data tooling is a top-four funded priority for this room, as evidenced by multiple respondents and one of the tables during the group exercise.

Challenges are both that budgets at companies are going toward AI-related matters, while AI firms are taking in the vast majority of venture funding in recent years. There's an important implication, in that a relatively narrow set of solutions that may help partly support successful circularity outcomes are getting an outsize amount of budget allocation and investment funding.

FIGURE 5. TWO READINGS OF THE SAME ROOM
28%
of respondents are funding AI and data tooling, the fourth-highest spending priority of eight.
QUANTITATIVE
3
multiple respondents said capital is flowing to AI-related technologies and applications, and noted a lack of investment in and development of bio-based or other alternative materials and related recovery infrastructure.
QUALITATIVE
Source: Apex Catalytic audience poll and analysis, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. Left: n = 50. Right: three unprompted mentions across individual and table responses.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

If you are raising for materials or infrastructure, your competition for that dollar is probably not another circularity company. Being legible as an AI-adjacent data or optimization play, provided this is a credible claim, and reframing may help close capital gaps in small but meaningful ways.

IF YOU'RE A CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY LEADER

Most Sustainability teams reported not benefiting from shifts in budgets that funnel CapEx and OpEx to AI-related measures. Sustainability leaders should be crafting cases to align sustainability and circularity goals and initiatives that credibly highlight where AI can be used to help drive and measure outcomes. When identifying a startup that can help support circularity goals, leveraging the "AI Moment" we're still currently in (as of July/August 2026) can help build the case to pilot and adopt new solutions.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

The sentiment on AI-related budgeting and funding is an important signal based on the spectrum of sustainability leaders who provided feedback. For these investors, this suggests more hands-on guidance and nurturing of a smaller-than-desired pool of investable companies may be needed to increase the odds that companies with circularity solutions unrelated to AI will succeed.

EDUCATION & NONPROFIT PERSPECTIVE The circular bioeconomy startups this respondent supports are struggling to raise, because most of the capital is going to AI.
RETAILER PERSPECTIVE Solutions addressing the challenge of collecting, processing, and reclaiming valuable materials from textiles and other non-packaging materials are severely lacking, and many of the systemic challenges are unrelated to AI.
GROUP RESPONSE Funding appears to be diverting to AI data solutions rather than circular bio-based products. The same table named infrastructure to break the valley of death for bio-based materials as the thing that most needs to exist.
AND A FOURTH, DIFFERENT ANGLE One respondent asked the inverse question: how the increased demand for materials, hardware and energy that comes with the AI boom is being reconciled with AI's potential role in meeting circularity goals.
GROUP COLLABORATION RESULTS ·

SIX OF NINE TABLES ASKED FOR THE SAME THING

As part of the Trellis Impact Session, attendees clustered into 9 different groups and spent time digging into a range of strategic and tactical prompts to create a set of shared perspectives on opportunities and bottlenecks around scaled circularity. Compellingly, the majority of groups converged on similar ideas, completely independently. Put plainly: better information, aligned standards, and "trust in the system" were all bright, flashing needs highlighted by most groups.

FIGURE 6. WHAT DOESN'T EXIST YET BUT MAY HELP MOVE THE NEEDLE
Perspectives here are grouped from the group activity's responses
Wording below is condensed.

■ SHARED DATA & STANDARDS ·

  • A centralized feedstock facility and database — an aggregator — so there is enough input volume to actually commercialize a process.
  • A global repository, described as a yellow pages, of material availability, performance and data specifications that are decision-useful.
  • An accessible database of industry standards for recycled raw materials, so a buyer can more quickly establish trust that comparable performance is within reach.
  • Harmonized product compliance and transparency intelligence, aligned across product classes and suppliers.
  • A clearer understanding of the fate of various materials at end-of-life, at useful (sub-state) levels of granularity.
  • Standards as a coordinating device - taking a page from the tech industry, setting aligned standards can move an entire industry.

■ CAPITAL INSTRUMENTS THAT DON'T EXIST

  • Developing circularity-related certification schemes that can fit with budgets of innovators - existing certification systems prevent early-stage innovators from getting key validation.
  • Creating a bridge from "patient capital" to moonshot ideas, and the different metrics and stage gates that bridge would require.
  • Infrastructure awareness and development specifically to address the "valley of death" for bio-based materials.
  • Novel private partnerships to risk share on new waste-processing and related measurement technologies.

■ DEMAND & BEHAVIOR

  • Radically lower friction on consumer returns — if it is hard, customers will not do it.
  • A way for consumers to find certified sustainable products and services, hotels and restaurants included, not just products.
  • Clean sorted waste streams, and the end-user convenience that produces them.

■ UNCOMFORTABLE QUESTIONS RAISED BY RESPONDENTS

  • Are we addressing carbon and long-term negative impacts while solving for circularity, or trading one problem for another?
  • Are new technologies only emerging from the usual institutions (e.g., elite universities and big tech) rather than from under-resourced communities?
  • Domestic end-market material often ends up somewhere else in the world. Is that solving the underlying problem or relocating it?
  • Are there better ways of clarifying what's meant by "circularity", as the term lends itself to abuse to the point where it loses any meaning?
Source: Apex Catalytic analysis of audience engagement data, Trellis Impact 26, San Francisco, June 2026. Nine table responses, condensed and grouped.

IF YOU'RE AT A STARTUP

This is a requirements list written by your buyers, unprompted. The aggregator, the repository and the harmonized claim are all described as missing, which means whoever builds one credibly has a market that already articulated the spec. Note also that certification cost is named as a structural barrier — if it is slowing you, it is slowing everyone, which is an argument to make jointly rather than alone.

IF YOU'RE A CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY LEADER

Six of nine tables want the same infrastructure, which means no single company has to fund it and no single company can. This is precompetitive work — a consortium, a standards body, a shared database — and this convergence is the evidence you would need to propose one internally.

IF YOU'RE AN IMPACT INVESTOR

Two fundable shapes sit in this list. The first is the aggregator or repository, where demand was articulated by buyers before any vendor pitched it. The second is the certification fund — a capital instrument rather than a company, and one that would unlock a cohort instead of a single asset.

If you're interested in learning more about these results, or to explore how Apex Catalytic can help you navigate your circularity challenges across design, investment, and implementation, click on the button below to connect with us. We personally review every inquiry and will work to get back to you soon and provide value, even if we aren't a fit to work together.

■ ABOUT THIS SITE AND APEX CATALYTIC

Apex Catalytic designed and executed the R&D presented on this site. Primary data were largely gathered via a digital audience engagement activity at the "Deep Tech Revolution in Circularity" session at Trellis Impact 26 in San Francisco, CA in June 2026. Respondent demographics included corporate sustainability leaders (23), service providers (15), investors (4), regulatory and NGO (4), and academic researchers (4).

Free-text "bottleneck" responses were coded by hand to all applicable themes. Percentages provided here represent the share of respondents.

Respondents were promised anonymity, so specific names and organizations are not provided here. Apex Catalytic hand-coded other relevant information regarding relevant companies and industry sectors, as applicable.

Interpretations, insights, opinions, and perspectives woven throughout this page are those of Jon Powell, PhD, Founder and CEO of Apex Catalytic. Visit Apex Catalytic to engage with Apex Catalytic and learn more about the large-scale sustainability transformations we are helping companies achieve.